A well-designed ventilation system is the “hidden motor” of a modern vegetable greenhouse
A well-designed ventilation system is the “hidden motor” of a modern vegetable greenhouse, because it simultaneously solves four critical problems that would otherwise limit yield and quality.
1.
Temperature balance
Solar energy can push air temperature 10–20 °C above the outside level. By exchanging 6–10 greenhouse-air volumes per hour, exhaust fans or roof vents prevent heat stress that reduces fruit set in tomatoes, causes tip-burn in lettuce and induces bolting in brassicas .
2.
Humidity and disease control
Transpiring vegetable crops add 3–6 L m⁻² day⁻¹ of water vapour. Ventilation keeps relative humidity below 80 %, suppressing fungal pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea and * downy mildew* which thrive on wet leaf surfaces .
3.
CO₂ replenishment for photosynthesis
Inside a closed greenhouse, CO₂ can fall from 400 ppm to <200 ppm within one bright morning. Continuous but gentle air movement (0.3–0.5 m s⁻¹ through the canopy) replaces the CO₂-depleted boundary layer at the leaf surface, sustaining high photosynthetic rates and rapid biomass accumulation in fruiting vegetables .
4.
Uniform microclimate
Horizontal-air-flow (HAF) fans or perforated convection tubes break thermal stratification, ensuring that temperature differences throughout the vegetable greenhouse stay within ±1 °C. Uniform conditions mean even fruit ripening and predictable harvest schedules, which are essential for programmed supply to retailers .
5.
In short, the ventilation system is not an optional accessory—it is the core process that converts solar energy and external air into a stable, optimised climate where vegetable crops can express their full genetic potential.
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